 |
 |
 |
   |
|
|
Location: cityofbardstown.org > Ordinances Flood Damage Prevention
Section General Provisions l54.0l Definitions Flood Hazard Reduction l54.20 General standards Administration and Enforcement l54.30 Administrative official l54.99 Penalty GENERAL PROVISIONS § l54.0l DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this chapter the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning. "ADDITION (TO AN EXISTING BUILDING)." Any walled and roofed expansion to the perimeter of a building in which the addition is connected by a common load-bearing wall other than a fire wall. Any walled and roofed addition which is connected by a fire wall or is separated by independent perimeter load-bearing walls is new construction. "APPEAL." A request for a review of the Board of Adjustment's interpretation of any provision of this chapter or a request for a variance. "AREA OF SHALLOW FLOODING." A designated AO or VO Zone on a community's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) with base flood depths from one to three feet where a clearly defined channel does not exist, where the path of flooding is unpredictable and indeterminate, and where velocity flow may be evident. "AREA OF SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD." The land in the floodplain within a community subject to a l% or greater chance of flooding in any given year. "BASE FLOOD." The flood having a l% chance of being equalled or exceeded in any given year. "BASEMENT." That portion of a building having its floor subgrade (below ground level) on all sides. "BREAKAWAY WALL." A wall that is not part of the structural support of the building and is intended through its design and construction to collapse under specific lateral loading forces without causing damage to the elevated portion of the building or the supporting foundation system. "BUILDING." Any structure built for support, shelter, or enclosure for any occupancy or storage. "COASTAL HIGH HAZARD AREA." The area subject to high velocity waters caused by, but not limited to, hurricane wave wash. The area is designated on a FIRM as Zone VI - 30, VE, or V. "DEVELOPMENT." Any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including, but not limited to, buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavating, drilling operations, or permanent storage of materials. "ELEVATED BUILDING." A non-basement building built to have the lowest floor elevated above the ground level by means of fill, solid foundation perimeter walls, pilings, columns (posts and piers), shear walls, or breakaway walls. "FLOOD" or "FLOODING." A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland or tidal waters or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. "FLOOD HAZARD BOUNDARY MAP (FHBM)." An official map of a community, issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, where the boundaries of the areas of special flood hazard have been designated as Zone A. "FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM)." An official map of a community, on which the Federal Emergency Management Agency has delineated both the areas of special flood hazard and the risk premium zones applicable to the community. "FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY." The official report provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The report contains flood profiles, as well as the Flood Boundary Floodway Map and the water surface elevation of the base flood. "FLOODWAY." The channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than one foot. "FLOOR." The top surface of an enclosed area in a building (including the basement), i.e., the top of the slab in concrete slab construction or the top of wood flooring in wood frame construction. The term does not include the floor of a garage used solely for parking vehicles. "FUNCTIONALLY DEPENDENT FACILITY." A facility which cannot be used for its intended purpose unless it is located or carried out in close proximity to water, such as a docking or port facility necessary for the loading and unloading of cargo or passengers, shipbuilding, ship repair, or seafood processing facilities. The term does not include long-term storage, manufacture, sales, or service facilities. "HIGHEST ADJACENT GRADE." The highest natural elevation of the ground surface, prior to construction, next to the proposed walls of a structure. "MANGROVE STAND." An assemblage of mangrove trees which is mostly low trees noted for a copious development of interlacing adventitious roots above the ground and which contain one or more of the following species: black mangrove (Avicennia Nitida); red mangrove (Rhizophora Mangle); white mangrove (Languncularia Racemosa); and buttonwood (Conocarpus Erecta). "MANUFACTURED HOME." A structure, transportable in one or more sections, which is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities. The term also includes park trailers, travel trailers, and similar transportable structures placed on a site for l80 consecutive days or longer and intended to be improved property. "MEAN SEA LEVEL." The average height of the sea for all stages of the tide. It is used as a reference for establishing various elevations within the floodplain. For purposes of this chapter, the term is synonymous with National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD). "NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM (NGVD)." As corrected in l929, is a vertical control used as a reference for establishing varying elevations within the floodplain. "NEW CONSTRUCTION." Structures for which the "START OF CONSTRUCTION" commenced on or after the effective date of this chapter. "SAND DUNES." Naturally-occurring accumulations of sand in ridges or mounds landward of the beach. "START OF CONSTRUCTION." (For other than new construction or substantial improvements under the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (P.L. 97-348)), includes substantial improvement, and means the date the building permit was issued, provided the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, or improvement was within l80 days of the permit date. The "ACTUAL START" means the first placement of permanent construction of a structure (including a manufactured home) on a site, such as the pouring of slabs or footings, installation of piles, construction of columns, or any work beyond the stage of excavation or the placement of a manufactured home on a foundation. Permanent construction does not include land preparation such as clearing, grading, and filling; nor does it include the installation of streets and/or walkways; nor does it include excavation for a basement, footings, piers, or foundations or the erection of temporary forms; nor does it include the installation on the property of accessory buildings, such as garages or sheds, not occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main structure. "STRUCTURE." A walled and roofed building that is principally above ground, a manufactured home, a gas or liquid storage tank, or other man-made facilities or infrastructures. "SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT." Any combination of repairs, reconstruction, alterations, or improvements to a structure, taking place during the life of a structure (a ten-year period), in which the cumulative cost equals or exceeds 50% of the market value of the structure. The market value of the structure should be the appraised value of the structure prior to the start of the initial repair or improvement; or in the case of damage, the value of the structure prior to the damage occurring. For the purposes of this definition, "SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT" is considered to occur when the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of the building commences, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the structure. The term does not, however, include any project for improvement of a structure required to comply with existing health, sanitary, or safety code specifications which are solely necessary to assure safe living conditions. "VARIANCE." A grant of relief from the requirements of this chapter which permits construction in a manner otherwise prohibited by this chapter where specific enforcement would result in unnecessary hardship. § l54.02 PURPOSE. It is the purpose of this chapter to promote the public health, safety, and general welfare and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by provisions designed to: (l) Restrict or prohibit uses which are dangerous to health, safety, and property due to water or erosion hazards, or which result in damaging increases in erosion or in flood heights or velocities; (2) Require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction; (3) Control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels, and natural protective barriers which are involved in the accommodation of flood waters; (4) Control filling, grading, dredging, and other development which may increase erosion or flood damage; and (5) Prevent or regulate the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert flood water or which may increase flood hazards to other lands. § l54.03 OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this chapter are: (l) To protect human life and health; (2) To minimize expenditures of public money for costly flood control projects; (3) To minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding and generally undertaken at the expense of the general public; (4) To minimize prolonged business interruptions; (5) To minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water and gas mains, electric, telephone, and sewer lines, and streets and bridges located in floodplains; (6) To help maintain a stable tax base by providing for the sound use and development of flood prone areas in such a manner as to minimize flood blight areas; and (7) To insure that potential home buyers are notified that property is in a flood area. § l54.04 FINDINGS OF FACT. (A) The flood hazard areas of Bardstown are subject to periodic inundation which results in loss of life and property, health and safety hazards, disruption of commerce and governmental services, extraordinary public expenditures for flood protection and relief, and impairment of the tax base, all of which adversely affect the public health, safety, and general welfare. (B) These flood losses are caused by the cumulative effect of obstructions in floodplains causing increases in flood heights and velocities, and by the occupancy in flood hazard areas by uses vulnerable to floods or hazardous to other lands which are inadequately elevated, flood-proofed, or otherwise unprotected from flood damages. § l54.05 STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION. The legislature of the state has, in the KRS Chapter l00, delegated the responsibility to local government units to adopt regulations designed to promote the public health, safety, and general welfare of its citizenry. § l54.06 APPLICATION OF CHAPTER. This chapter shall apply to all areas of special flood hazard within the jurisdiction of Bardstown. § l54.07 BASIS FOR ESTABLISHING THE AREAS OF SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD. The areas of special flood hazard identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in its Flood Insurance Rate Maps dated ll-5-86, with accompanying maps and other supporting data, and any revisions thereto, are adopted by reference and declared to be a part of this chapter. § l54.08 COMPLIANCE REQUIRED. No structure or land shall hereafter be located, extended, converted, or structurally altered without full compliance with the terms of this chapter and other applicable regulations. § l54.09 INTERPRETATION; STRICTER STANDARDS TO PREVAIL. (A) In the interpretation and application of this chapter all provisions shall be considered as minimum requirements, liberally construed in favor of the governing body, and deemed neither to limit nor repeal any other powers granted under state statutes. (B) This chapter is not intended to repeal, abrogate, or impair any existing easements, covenants, or deed restrictions. However, where this chapter and other regulations conflict or overlap, whichever imposes the more stringent restrictions shall prevail. § l54.l0 DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY. The degree of flood protection required by this chapter is considered reasonable for regulatory purposes and is based on scientific and engineering considerations. Larger floods can and will occur on rare occasions. Flood heights may be increased by man-made or natural causes. This chapter does not imply that land outside the areas of special flood hazard or uses permitted within such areas will be free from flooding or flood damages. This chapter shall not create liability on the part of the Bardstown City Council, or by any officer or employee thereof for any flood damages that result from reliance on this chapter or any administrative decision lawfully made thereunder. FLOOD HAZARD REDUCTION § l54.20 GENERAL STANDARDS. In all areas of special flood hazard the following provisions are required: (A) New construction and substantial improvements shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement of the structure; (B) Manufactured homes shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement. Methods of anchoring may include, but are not limited to use of over-the-top or frame ties to ground anchors. This standard shall be in addition to and consistent with applicable state requirements for resisting wind forces; (C) New construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage; (D) New construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed by methods and practices that minimize flood damage; (E) Electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, air-conditioning equipment, and other service facilities shall be designed and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding; (F) New and replacement water supply systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the system; (G) New and replacement sanitary sewage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the systems and discharges from the systems into flood waters. (H) On-site waste disposal systems shall be located and constructed to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding; (I) Any alteration, repair, reconstruction, or improvements to a structure which is in compliance with the provisions of this chapter, shall meet the requirements of "new construction" as contained in this chapter. § l54.2l SPECIFIC STANDARDS. In all areas of special flood hazard where base flood elevation data have been provided as set forth in § l57.07 or § l54.30(B)(ll), the following provisions are required: (A) Residential construction. New construction or substantial improvement of any residential structure shall have the lowest floor, including the basement, elevated no lower than the base flood elevation. Should solid foundation perimeter walls be used to elevate a structure, openings sufficient to facilitate the unimpeded movements of flood waters shall be provided in accordance with the standards of division (C) below. (B) Nonresidential construction. New construction or substantial improvement of any commercial, industrial, or nonresidential structure shall have the lowest floor, including the basement, elevated no lower than the level of the base flood elevation. Structures located in all A-zones may be floodproofed in lieu of being elevated provided that all areas of the structure below the required elevation are watertight, with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water, and use structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and the effect of buoyancy. A registered professional engineer or architect shall certify that the standards of this division are satisfied. Such certification shall be provided to the official as set forth in § l54.3l(B)(2). (C) Elevated buildings. New construction or substantial improvements of elevated buildings that include fully enclosed areas formed by foundation and other exterior walls below the base flood elevation shall be designed to preclude finished living space and designed to allow for the entry and exit of flood waters to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls. (l) Designs for complying with this requirement must either be certified by a professional engineer or architect or meet the following minimum criteria: (a) Provide a minimum of two openings having a total net area of not less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding; (b) The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one foot above grade; and (c) Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, valves, or other coverings or devices provided they permit the automatic flow of flood waters in both directions. (2) Electrical, plumbing, and other utility connections are prohibited below the base flood elevation. (3) Access to the enclosed area shall be the minimum necessary to allow for parking of vehicles (garage door) or limited storage of maintenance equipment used in connection with the premises (standard exterior door) or entry to the living area (stairway or elevator). (4) The interior portion of such enclosed area shall not be partitioned or finished into separate rooms. (D) Floodways. Located within areas of special flood hazard established in § l54.07, are areas designated as floodways. Since the floodway is an extremely hazardous area due to the velocity of flood waters which carry debris, potential projectiles, and has erosion potential, the following provisions shall apply: (l) Prohibit encroachments, including fill, new construction, substantial improvements, and other developments unless certification (with supporting technical data) by a registered professional engineer is provided demonstrating that encroachments shall not result in any increase in flood levels during occurrence of the base flood discharge; (2) If division (D)(l) above is satisfied, all new construction and substantial improvements shall comply with all applicable flood hazard reduction provisions of this subchapter. (3) Prohibit the placement of manufactured homes (mobile homes), except in an existing manufactured homes (mobile homes) park or subdivision. A replacement manufactured home may be placed on a lot in an existing manufactured home park or subdivision provided the anchoring standards of § l54.20(B) and the elevation standards of division (A) of this section are met. § l54.22 STANDARDS FOR STREAMS WITHOUT ESTABLISHED BASE FLOOD have been provided or where no floodways have been provided, the following provisions apply: (A) No encroachments, including fill material or structures, shall be located within a distance of the stream bank equal to two times the width of the stream at the top of the bank or 20 feet each side from the top of the bank, whichever is greater, unless certification by a registered professional engineer is provided demonstrating that such encroachments shall not result in any increase in flood levels during the occurrence of the base flood discharge. (B) New construction or substantial improvements of structures shall be elevated or floodproofed to elevations established in accordance with § l54.30(B)(ll). § l54.23 SUBDIVISION PROPOSAL STANDARDS. (A) All subdivision proposals shall be consistent with the need to minimize flood damage. (B) All subdivision proposals shall have public utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems located and constructed to minimize flood damage. (C) All subdivision proposals shall have adequate drainage provided to reduce exposure to flood hazards. (D) Base flood elevation data shall be provided for subdivision proposals and other proposed developments (including manufactured home parks and subdivisions) which are greater than the lesser of 50 lots or five acres. § l54.24 STANDARDS FOR AREAS OF SHALLOW FLOODING (AO ZONES). Located within the areas of special flood hazard established in § l54.07 are areas designated as shallow flooding areas. These areas have special flood hazards associated with base flood depths of one to three feet where a clearly-defined channel does not exist and where the path of flooding is unpredictable and indeterminate. Therefore, the following provisions apply: (A) All new construction and substantial improvements of residential structures shall have the lowest floor, including the basement, elevated to the depth number specified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map, in feet, above the highest adjacent grade. If no depth number is specified, the lowest floor, including the basement, shall be elevated at least two feet above the highest adjacent grade. (B) All new construction and substantial improvements of nonresidential structures shall: (l) Have the lowest floor, including the basement, elevated to the depth number specified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map, in feet, above the highest adjacent grade. If no depth number is specified, the lowest floor, including the basement, shall be elevated at least two feet above the highest adjacent grade; or (2) Together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, be completely floodproofed to or above that level so that any space below that level is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT § l54.30 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIAL. (A) The Planning Administrator is hereby appointed to administer and implement the provisions of this chapter. (B) The duties and responsibilities of the Planning Administrator shall include, but not be limited to: (l) Review all development permits to assure that the permit requirements of this chapter have been satisfied; (2) Advise the permittee that additional federal or state permits may be required and if specific federal or state permit requirements are known, require that copies of such permits be provided and maintained on file with the development permit; (3) Notify adjacent communities and the Division of Water, Frankfort, Kentucky prior to any alteration or relocation of a watercourse, and submit evidence of such notification to the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (4) Assure that maintenance is provided within the altered or relocated portion of said watercourse so that the flood-carrying capacity is not diminished; (5) Verify and record the actual elevation (in relation to mean sea level) of the lowest floor (including the basement) of all new or substantially improved structures, in accordance with § l54.3l(B)(2); (6) Verify and record the actual elevation (in relation to mean sea level) to which the new or substantially improved structures have been flood-proofed, in accordance with § l54.3l(B)(2); (7) In coastal hazard areas, certification shall be obtained from a registered professional engineer or architect that the structure is designed to be securely anchored to adequately anchored pilings or columns in order to withstand velocity waters and hurricane wave wash; (8) In coastal high hazard areas, the Planning Administrator shall review plans for adequacy of breakaway walls in accordance with § l54.2l. (9) When flood-proofing is utilized for a particular structure, the Planning Administrator shall obtain certification from a registered professional engineer or architect, in accordance with § l54.2l(B). (l0) Where interpretation is needed as to the exact location of the boundaries of the area of special flood hazard (for example, where there appears to be a conflict between a mapped boundary and actual field conditions) the Planning Administrator shall make the necessary interpretation. The person contesting the location of the boundary shall be given a reasonable opportunity to appeal the interpretation as provided in this chapter; (ll) When base flood elevation data or floodway data has not been provided in accordance with §l54.07, then the Planning Administrator shall obtain, review, and reasonably utilize any base flood elevation and floodway data available from a federal, state, or other source, in order to administer the provisions of this chapter; (l2) All records pertaining to the provisions of this chapter shall be maintained in the office of the Planning Administrator and shall be open for public inspection. § l54.3l DEVELOPMENT PERMIT. (A) Establishment. A development permit shall be required in conformance with the provisions of this chapter prior to the commencement of any development activities. (B) Procedures. Application for a development permit shall be made to the Planning Administrator on forms furnished by him or her prior to any development activities, and may include, but not be limited to, the following plans in duplicate drawn to scale showing the nature, location, dimensions, and elevations of the area in question; and existing or proposed structures, fill, storage of materials, drainage facilities, and the location of the foregoing. Specifically, the following information is required: (l) Application Stage. (a) Elevation in relation to mean sea level of the proposed lowest floor (including basement) of all structures; (b) Elevation in relation to mean sea level to which any nonresidential structure will be flood-proofed; (c) Certificate from a registered professional engineer or architect that the nonresidential flood-proofed structure will meet the flood-proofing criteria in division (2) below; (d) Description of the extent to which any watercourse will be altered or relocated as a result of proposed development; and (2) Construction Stage. Provide a floor elevation or flood-proofing certification after the lowest floor is completed, or in instances where the structure is subject to the regulations applicable to coastal high hazard areas, after placement of the horizontal structural members of the lowest floor. Upon placement of the lowest floor, or flood-proofing by whatever construction means, or upon placement of the horizontal structural members of the lowest floor, whichever is applicable, it shall be the duty of the permit holder to submit to the Planning Administrator a certification of the elevation of the lowest floor, flood-proofed elevation, or the elevation of the lowest portion of the horizontal structural members of the lowest floor, whichever is applicable, as built, in relation to mean sea level. Said certification shall be prepared by or under the direct supervision of a registered land surveyor or professional engineer and certified by same. (a) When flood-proofing is utilized for a particular building, said certification shall be prepared by or under the direct supervision of a professional engineer or architect and certified by same. (b) Any work undertaken prior to submission of the certification shall be at the permit holder's risk. (c) The Planning Administrator shall review the floor elevation survey data submitted. Deficiencies detected by such review shall be corrected by the permit holder immediately and prior to further progressive work being permitted to proceed. (d) Failure to submit the survey or failure to make said corrections required hereby, shall be cause to issue a stop-work order for the project. § l54.32 VARIANCES. (A) The Board of Adjustment as established by the city, shall hear and decide appeals and requests for variances from the requirements of this chapter. (l) The Board of Adjustment shall hear and decide appeals when it is alleged there is an error in any requirement, decision, or determination made by the Planning Administrator in the enforcement or administration of this chapter. (2) Any person aggrieved by the decision of the Board of Adjustment, or any taxpayer, may appeal such decision to the Nelson County Circuit Court, as provided by KRS l00.347. (B) Variances may be issued for the reconstruction, rehabilitation, or restoration of structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places or the State Inventory of Historic Places without regard to the procedures set forth in the remainder of this section. (C) In passing upon such applications, the Board of Adjustment shall consider all technical evaluations, all relevant factors, standards specified in other sections of this chapter, and: (l) The danger that materials may be swept onto other lands to the injury of others; (2) The danger to life and property due to flooding or erosion damage; (3) The susceptibility of the proposed facility and its contents to flood damage and the effect of such damage on the individual owner; (4) The importance of the services provided by the proposed facility to the community; (5) The necessity of the facility to a waterfront location, in the case of a functionally-dependent facility; (6) The availability of alternative locations, not subject to flooding or erosion damage, for the proposed use; (7) The compatibility of the proposed use with existing and anticipated development; (8) The relationship of the proposed use to the comprehensive plan and floodplain management program for that area; (9) The safety of access to the property in times of flood for ordinary and emergency vehicles; (l0) The expected heights, velocity, duration, rate of rise, and sediment transport of the flood waters and the effects of wave action, if applicable, expected at the site; and (ll) The costs of providing governmental services during and after flood conditions, including maintenance and repair of public utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems, and streets and bridges. (D) On consideration of the factors listed above and the purposes of this chapter, the Board of Adjustment may attach such conditions to the granting of variances as it deems necessary to further the purposes of this chapter. (E) Variances shall not be issued within any designated floodway if any increase in flood levels during the base flood discharge would result. (F) Conditions for variances shall be as follows: (l) Variances shall only be issued upon a determination that the variance is the minimum necessary, considering the flood hazard, to afford relief and, in the instance of a historical building, a determination that the variance is the minimum necessary so as not to destroy the historic character and design of the building; (2) Variances shall only be issued upon a showing of good and sufficient cause, a determination that failure to grant the variance would result in exceptional hardship, and a determination that the granting of a variance will not result in increased flood heights, additional threats to public safety, extraordinary public expense, create nuisances, cause fraud on or victimization of the public, or conflict with existing local laws or ordinances; (3) Any applicant to whom a variance is granted shall be given written notice specifying the difference between the base flood elevation and the elevation to which the structure is to be built, and stating that the costs of flood insurance will be commensurate with the increased risk resulting from the reduced lowest floor elevation. (G) The Planning Administrator shall maintain the records of all appeal actions and report any variances to the Federal Emergency Management Agency upon request.
§ l54.99 PENALTY. Violation of the provisions of this chapter or failure to comply with any of its requirements, including violation of conditions and safeguards established in connection with grants of variance or special exceptions, shall constitute a misdemeanor. Any person who violates this chapter or fails to comply with any of its requirements shall, on conviction thereof, be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than five days or both, and in addition shall pay all costs and expenses involved in the case. Each day a violation continues shall be considered a separate offense. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the Bardstown City Council from taking any other lawful action as is necessary to prevent or remedy any violation.
|